E-bike battery safety risks highlighted in new report

As the popularity of e-bikes continues to grow in the UK, a recent government report from the Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS) highlighted important safety concerns related to lithium-ion batteries.

The findings indicated that while these batteries are efficient and widely used, there are risks associated with poor-quality manufacturing, improper use, and insufficient safety measures. The report recommends improved regulatory oversight and proactive risk management to mitigate these concerns.

Understanding the risks

Lithium-ion batteries are the preferred choice for e-bikes due to their efficiency and light weight. However, certain factors can increase the risk of thermal runaway, a condition where overheating leads to fire or explosion. Key risks identified in the OPSS report included:

• Overheating and Thermal Runaway – A single overheated cell can cause a chain reaction

• Fire and Explosion Risks – The use of non-compliant or unregulated batteries increases the likelihood of combustion.

• Incompatible or Counterfeit Components – Many incidents have been linked to users unknowingly purchasing unsafe third-party batteries and chargers.

  
  

The report highlighted that most Personal Light Electric Vehicle (PLEV) fires have occurred indoors, posing risks to homes and businesses. Data from London Fire Brigade showed that e-bike battery fire incidents increased from just 2 in 2017 to at least 178 in 2023.

Best practices for risk management

For businesses involved in e-bike sales, rentals, servicing, or storage, these findings reinforce the need for proactive risk management strategies. At RiskSTOP, we recommend:

1. Conduct Regular Risk Assessments – Identify fire hazards and set up safe charging and disposal protocols.

2. Verify Suppliers and Compliance – Use only trusted manufacturers that meet UK safety standards.

3. Educate Employees and Consumers – Train staff and customers on safe charging and emergency procedures.

4. Strengthen Fire Safety Measures – Install fire suppression and fire-resistant battery storage.

   
   

The role of regulation and industry standards

The OPSS report supported the strengthening of UK safety regulations and recommended improvements in battery standards to align with international best practices. For instance, in New York, regulations now require e-bike batteries to meet UL safety certifications, which has helped reduce the number of unsafe products entering the market.

Building on last year’s insights from David Reynolds, Head of Risk Engineering & Surveys at RiskSTOP, the OPSS report strengthens the case for stricter safety measures in lithium-ion battery management.

"As the OPSS report outlined, the risks surrounding lithium-ion batteries in e-bikes were not just theoretical, they were, and are, real and increasing. The surge in fire incidents underscores the importance of stringent compliance with safety standards, responsible sourcing, and robust fire prevention strategies. Businesses must not only conduct risk assessments but also integrate proactive measures such as Battery Management Systems (BMS) and fire-resistant storage solutions to mitigate potential hazards," said David.

Taking a proactive approach

While the risks associated with e-bike batteries are real, they can be effectively managed with the right precautions. Businesses, insurers, and policymakers should work together to promote best practices, ensure compliance with safety standards, and provide clear guidance to consumers.

RiskSTOP is committed to supporting businesses through risk assessment strategies and expert-led compliance guidance.

For more insights on lithium battery safety and risk management, visit: Fire risk and insurance: tackling lithium battery challenges or sign up for the RiskSTOP newsletter: www.riskstop.co.uk/newsletter-sign-up.